海底热流长期观测系统研制进展     

杨小秋  曾信  石红才  于传海  施小斌  郭兴伟  王迎春  任自强  邵佳  许鹤华  卫小冬  陈顺  赵鹏  庞忠和 《地球物理学报》2022,65(2):427-447

浅海和俯冲海沟等海域,不仅是矿产和油气资源主潜力区,也是构造地震频发区,其浅表热流和深部温度信息对于了解板块俯冲和岩浆活动等过程至关重要.这些区域浅层地温场和热流场受到底水温度波动(BTV)强烈扰动,其背景热流需由长期观测来获取.在全面分析了国内外海底热流长期观测技术特点后,我们提出了系缆式海底热流长期观测方案,201...  相似文献   

荞麦作物观测技术简介   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵翠珍  陈晓梅  张慧萍 《内蒙古气象》2012,(5):30-32

文章介绍了荞麦作物的生长特性、环境要求及荞麦发育期、发育期标准、生长状况测定、产量结构分析、大田生长状况调查等观测内容和技术要求,可供测站在荞麦发育期观测和服务时参考。  相似文献   

一种地方与区域地震震源机制反演技术:广义极性振幅技术(二)——对实际震例的应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

严川  许力生  张旭  李春来  许康生 《地球物理学报》2015,58(10):3601-3614

为了检验广义极性振幅技术(GPAT)的实用性,我们利用GPAT反演确定了49次实际地震的震源机制、矩震级和震源深度.为了检验GPAT对地方地震、区域地震以及远震的实用性,我们选用了震级范围约为ML0.2~MS7.0之间的地震与震中距范围约在5~8000km之间的观测资料.对反演结果的分析表明,利用GPAT获取的震源机制结果在合理误差范围内是正确的,利用GPAT获取的矩震级结果是可靠的,而利用GPAT获取的震源深度总体上似乎比常规定位深度深约0.6km.总体而言,GPAT在震源机制、矩震级和震源深度的反演方面表现出良好的实用性.  相似文献   

2015年4月25日尼泊尔M_W7.9地震的震源机制          下载免费PDF全文

郭祥云  陈运泰  房立华  刘瑞丰 《地震学报》2015,37(4):705-707

<正>据中国地震台网测定,北京时间2015年4月25日14时11分尼泊尔发生MW7.9(MS8.1)强烈地震,震中位置为(28.2°N、84.7°E),震源深度为20km.这次地震位于尼泊尔首都西北部,距加德满都大约80km.截至2015年5月13日,该地震已造成8 219人死亡,17 866人受伤,尼泊尔、印度、孟加拉、不丹和我国西藏等地均有人员伤亡.为增进对尼泊尔MW7.9发震机制的认识,并对震害评估、震后趋势判定  相似文献   

Centrifuge modeling of offshore wind foundations under earthquake loading     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The construction of large offshore wind turbines in seismic active regions has great demand on the design of foundations. The occurrence of soil liquefaction under seismic motion will affect the stability of the foundations and consequently the operation of the turbines. In this study, a group of earthquake centrifuge tests was performed on wind turbine models with gravity and monopile foundations, respectively, to exam their seismic response. It was found that the seismic behavior of models was quite different in the dry or saturated conditions. Each type of foundation exhibited distinct response to the earthquake loading, especially in the offshore environment. In the supplementary tests, several remediation methods were evaluated in order to mitigate the relatively large lateral displacement of pile foundation (by fixed-end pile and multi-pile foundation) and excessive settlement of gravity foundation (by densification, stone column, and cementation techniques).  相似文献   

地质标本数字化实践研究新进展、问题与展望     

杨良锋  孙韬  赵宏雷  卢立伍  王伟  曹希平  陈晓雯  耿竹南 《地球学报》2017,38(2):278-288

地质标本作为地质历史和地学研究的见证物,是地质生产、研究与教学的核心材料和基础资源,是博物馆的立馆之本、服务之基,更是博物馆数字化的重点和难点。本文通过回顾总结中国地质博物馆十多年的数字化实践,以及横向对比国内外博物馆领域的数字化工作基础上,并结合测绘、光谱等领域的最新进展,进一步明确了数字标本的概念,数字标本的来源不局限于对现有标本的数字化,可超越传统标本尺度空间的限制,直接到标本采集点面向地质体进行无损采集,从而极大地开展标本采集、典藏、研究与科学传播工作。利用环拍-摄影测量法、矩阵拍摄法、拼接拍摄法等方法,对地质体进行大尺度的数字采集、后期加工形成数字地质体,因其具有地质体野外产出的空间关系、纹理特征、质地色泽等视觉特征,等同于在虚拟空间中再现了野外地质体,实现了地质体的数字化典藏,随着数字地质体的量的积累,孤立的地质体连成片,理论上讲可以实现典藏地壳。数字地质体不仅具有对已有地质体的数字化保护意义,而且具有科研、科普价值。自主研制的地质标本三维影像获取系统基本上解决了地质标本三维数字化存在的表面纹理信息清晰度低、高光材质及透明材质效果差、后期人工干预工作繁琐与艰巨这三个关键问题。最后,指出了当前数字标本正经历着由三维到多维的蝉变,综合分析了现代信息提取技术获取蕴藏在实体地质标本中专业信息的可行性,展望了多维数字标本实现的技术手段及其应用前景。  相似文献   

基于倒置声学基阵的INSUSBL组合导航算法研究     

徐博  郝芮  王超  张勋 《海洋技术学报》2017,36(5):46-52

文中关注水下潜航器导航定位时,电磁波传播途径中能量衰减、惯导系统长航时积累误差以及提高水下潜航器定位精度等问题。基于倒置的超短基线声学基阵,分析声波往返传播时间(RTT)、平面波近似方法和USBL导航解算方法及其坐标转换过程,结合INS误差方程,建立INS/USBL松组合模型。为进一步提高系统精度、动态性能和抗干扰性,考察USBL的原始斜距、斜距差以及声学基阵的空间分布信息,提出基于USBL原始输出信息的INS/USBL紧耦合组合导航方法。通过MATLAB仿真对导航算法进行验证,结果表明两种算法能充分抑制纯惯导误差随时间积累问题,且有效地估计出姿态、速度和位置误差角;其中紧耦合方法状态估计误差最小,导航参数精度相对松组合提高30%以上,对于提高水下载体导航定位精度、海洋探测具有重大意义。  相似文献   

Wave Interactions with Multiple Semi-Immersed Jarlan-Type Perforated Breakwaters     

Moussa S. ELBISY 《海洋工程》2017,31(3):341-349

This study examines wave interactions with multiple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwaters. A numerical model based on linear wave theory and an eigenfunction expansion method has been developed to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of breakwaters. The numerical results show a good agreement with previous analytical results and experimental data for limiting cases of double partially immersed impermeable walls and double and triple Jarlan-type breakwaters. The wave transmission coefficient C_T; reflection coefficient C_R, and energy dissipation coefficient C_E coefficients and the horizontal wave force exerted on the front and rear walls are examined. The results show that C_R reaches the maximum value when B/L = 0.46n while it is smallest when B/L=0.46n+0.24 (n=0, 1, 2,...). An economical triple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwater can be designed with B/L = 0.25 and C_R and C_T ranging from 0.25 to 0.32 by choosing a relative draft d/h of 0.35 and a permeability parameter of the perforated front walls being 0.5 for an incident wave number kh nearly equal to 2.0. The triple semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwaters with significantly reduced C_R, will enhance the structure’s wave absorption ability, and lead to smaller wave forces compared with the double one. The proposed model may be used to predict the response of a structure in the preliminary design stage for practical engineering.  相似文献   

An elastoviscoplastic constitutive model for geomaterials: Application to hydromechanical modelling of claystone response to drift excavation     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

An isotropic elastoviscoplastic constitutive model based on a generalized Hoek-Brown criterion is proposed. The plastic mechanism is characterized by a positive and a negative hardening, and a specific non-associated flow rule allows to take into account the evolution of the dilatancy. Several hydromechanical finite element simulations corresponding to realistic configurations of drift excavations in the underground research laboratory of Bure are presented. Regularization techniques are required to avoid localization phenomena due to softening. A second gradient formulation has been used as it is well suited for dilatant materials such as claystone. Numerical results are discussed and compared with experimental measurements.  相似文献   

利用高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像监测唐山矿地面沉降     

张晓博  赵学胜  葛大庆  刘斌  张玲  王艳  李曼 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(5):507-510

利用2012-12~2014-02获取的13景高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像,采用PSI时序分析技术监测唐山矿地面沉降。该技术以短时空基线为准则生成47幅差分干涉图,选择强度稳定性和频谱相干性较高的相干目标进行时间序列分析,基于最小二乘法获取唐山矿区域相干目标的地面下沉速率和沉降时间序列。结果表明,唐山矿有两个地面沉降中心,分别位于矿区东北和西部方向,最大沉降速率达58.2 mm/a;2013-06~09矿区出现回弹现象,而在其他时间段内地面呈近似线性下沉。通过对比高程误差改正前后的直方图可以发现,本文采用的两次回归分析方法对降低地形残余误差有很好的应用效果。  相似文献